Brain fitness in new AND old ways....

Today's post: Monday, 3-17-2008

This has many aspects. Three of the most important are:

to help children who have ADD & are having trouble learning in school.

to optimize work performance.

& to help prevent Alzheimer’s disease or other mental decline in older people.

A. The new ways include companies that have developed ways to exercise specific brain abilities.

I found this article recently in the online Yahoo News’ health section.:

“Brain fitness seen as hot industry of the future

BOSTON (Reuters) Weds, 3-12-2008 (On Yahoo Health online news)

Brain fitness seen as hot industry of the future by Toni Clarke

- When her son Alex was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at the age of 10, Karen George was reluctant to put him on medication.

Instead, she enrolled him in a clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of a brain stimulation program made by Cogmed, a private company that uses computer programs to exercise parts of the brain responsible for short-term memory.

The five-week program required Alex to spend up to an hour a day on a computer, pitting his wits against a robot. Among other exercises, the robot blinked out sequences of flashing lights that Alex was required to replicate.

The program made a dramatic difference in Alex's ability to concentrate, remember and act on daily chores, his mother says.

"I noticed it immediately," said George, 47, who lives with her physician husband in Santa Rosa Valley, California. "The program was like a game and my son was loving it."

Cogmed is part of an emerging brain fitness software industry that could expand rapidly as aging baby boomers seek ways to stave off dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

The size of the U.S. market for brain stimulation products -- which can range from games such as Nintendo Co Ltd's Brain Age to programs backed by research showing they can improve memory or other cognitive functions -- more than doubled between 2005 and 2007 to $225 million, according to a new report by the consulting group SharpBrains.

Just as baby boomers' desire to delay cardiovascular and other diseases fueled the health club boom, their desire to delay dementia is expected to keep the market for brain stimulation products growing.

Even health insurers are getting in on the act. Humana, for example, has teamed up with Posit Science, which makes programs to enhance learning and memory, to offer brain fitness programs to certain Medicare members at a discounted price.

The industry is so young, however, that it is unclear which business model will be most successful over time: companies like Nintendo that develop games that are fun but have no proven clinical benefit, or those such as privately held NovaVision Inc, whose product has been cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to improve vision in patients recovering from stroke or traumatic brain injury.

Jonas Jendi, chief executive of Cogmed, says games without clinical data will never be successful in the long run.

"I think it will be very difficult to make money in the field of games, even though I think a lot of people will try," he said. "Our approach is to prove our product works through proper research."

Cogmed's product has not been cleared by the FDA as a treatment for ADHD or any other memory or attention-related disorder, yet the company can point to a certain amount of published research to support claims that its program helps improve short-term memory. It distributes the product through networks of clinicians.

Stephen Bozylinski, a child neuropsychologist in Ventura County, California, who tests children with learning and attention difficulties and is a paid adviser to Cogmed, says the short-term results are encouraging but it is unclear how long they will hold up.

Karen George said she noticed Alex begin to relapse after about a year, and two weeks ago she put him on medication for his ADHD.

"For the program to work, a parent needs to supervise and coach their child, and right now we don't have that amount of time to invest," said George. "We might try it again later."

Alvaro Fernandez, co-founder of SharpBrains, said that while circumstantial evidence exists that brain stimulation software programs work, especially over a short period, it is too early to tell if they lead to a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease long term.

Dan Michel, chief executive of privately held Dakim Inc, says the only way discover that is if products are used for long periods of time, much like studying the impact of long-term training on the physical body. And for that to happen, programs must be fun, at least to a certain degree.

"We start from the position that there is tons of research out there showing that significant cognitive stimulation delays the onset of dementia," said Michel, who markets his products to retirement communities. "What we are offering is not short-term memory stuff where you need to work on specific tasks; we are talking about preserving overall brain health."

Marian Harris is a case in point. The 81-year-old resident of Belmont Village Senior Living in Sabre Springs, a suburb of San Diego, exercises her mind three times a week using Dakim's device, which combines hardware and software with a touch screen that is easy to use and fun.

"I feel like my mind is pretty good right now but I want to keep it that way," said Harris. "I want to stay interested in life and not go into my little world as I get older."

And using the system, which might require her to identify a song or gradually increase her memory for numbers, "is just a fun thing," she says.

Bill Reando, activities coordinator at the retirement center, said he notices a difference in the residents who use the Dakim machine.

"Their confidence is higher, they are more active, they are quicker in remembering what they had for lunch."

So far, not much money has been made in the sector. One of the leaders, Scientific Learning Corp, has struggled with its marketing strategy, said Fernandez, and most other companies in the field are venture-funded.

But the industry is young and only just finding its feet.

"My subjective feeling is that many of these companies will be acquired," Fernandez said. "I think the health companies, the educational companies, will be interested in adding these products to their portfolios." “

X * X* X* X*

So, there are beginning to be computer based exercises for specific brain functions & skills.

That’s certainly a promising development.

Another recent news item is of considerable interest. It has been separately shown that both regular social contact & older kinds of brain exercise such as knowing or learning more than one language, doing crossword puzzles, or learning new facts or skills help prevent or dramatically slow Alzheimer’s.

The new research on brain function while conversing socially shows that doing so takes more brain processing power & provides more mental exercise than the average person would dream it does. In fact, it was as good or better as the other kinds of mental exercise mentioned in this post.

This means in addition to any emotional support, companionship, loneliness prevention, or mutual support one gets from social contact, it’s also a great brain exercise. And, that’s true even if it seems easy & fun to do at the time.

B. Another way to improve brain fitness is to use your brain in more effective ways. This is very similar to getting better software for your laptop. But it goes beyond that to actually growing new brain cells & adding new neural networks.

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon once studied chess masters who could find forced checkmate in two to five moves to see how they did it. It turns out they did NOT have superhuman intelligence. They simply knew to use simple search methods & strategic opportunities to look for & use -- with limiting the moves of your opponent’s king, getting a new piece of yours involved, & using discovered or double checking moves being specific examples.

Similarly, music teachers & dolphin trainers have found that what I term a reverse stacking memory technique to learn new material or performance routines makes both the initial learning & remembering later -- work enormously better.

To use this technique learning a new phone number for example, instead of trying to remember the area code first & then the prefix & lastly the last four numbers that is most intuitive, you do it in reverse. You memorize & practice the last 2 numbers; then the last 4 numbers; then the prefix followed by the last four numbers; & only then memorize the area code and the prefix & the last four numbers.

Then of course you rehearse the whole number a few times. Then you test yourself in a few seconds to see if it got fixed & remembered. And, if necessary, you repeat the whole process quickly or just redo the whole thing but with particular emphasis on the part you didn’t remember in your test that you did.

Using such superior strategies makes you more mentally able, just like better software. But with the human brain, you get a bonus. You lay in increased neurons & neuron interconnections to support your new skill if you keep using it.

It was once thought that only children below 24 months of age did this. We now know the process still works in people into their seventies, eighties, & nineties.

C. In addition, we now know that regular physical exercise not only improves circulation to the brain & releases growth hormone in the case of vigorous exercise & strength training –
Exercise also directly causes your brain to grow new neurons.

Lastly, everything you do effectively to protect your heart and keep your blood vessels healthy also improves & protects your brain.

The spice turmeric & the turmeric & Curcumin supplements based on it, physically protects your brain & seems to prevent the cellular damage that creates Alzheimers disease. And, it has antioxidant properties that also protect your heart health & blood vessels.

Similarly, taking the supplements & eating the foods that do things like increase your HDL cholesterol & lower your LDL and Triglycerides also protect both your brain & heart.

And, it’s particularly important to measure your homocysteine levels and lower any readings of 9.0 or higher. Such readings have been found predictive of both heart disease & senility. (This is similar to LDL cholesterol & triglycerides. As the level goes up past the top of the optimum range, the risks also go up.) So, a homocysteine level of 9.1 is too high, & in my opinion needs to be lowered to 8.9 or lower. But a reading of something like 13.1 is much more serious.)

PS: Smoking, & second hand smoke, INCREASES your homocysteine levels.

So, as you can see, brain fitness is beginning to be as big a field as physical fitness.